Abubuwan da aka sarrafa ta kayan bushewa ba su da ƙima. Bayan da bambance-bambance a cikin physicochemical Properties na daban-daban kayan da kuma samfurin bukatun, da thermophysical Properties na kayan a lokacin bushewa tsari da kuma kayan buƙatun ga bushewa tsarin kayan aiki a lokacin dumama su ne mahimmin la'akari ga zanen kaya. Wannan labarin yana ba da shawarar wasu hanyoyi don zaɓin kayan abu a cikin kayan bushewa don ma'anar masu zanen kaya.
Halayen Kayan Aikin bushewa
Ya zuwa yanzu, an sami nasarar kera ɗaruruwan nau'ikan kayan bushewa, tare da yin amfani da sama da ɗari wajen samar da masana'antu. Har ila yau, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na rarraba kayan bushewa. Dangane da hanyar canja wurin zafi a cikin tsarin bushewa, ana iya raba su zuwa na'urorin bushewa (kamar bushewar iska, na'urar bushewa, busar da sauri, na'urar bushewar gado, da sauransu), na'urorin bushewa (kamar bushewar rake, na'urar bushewa), da na'urar bushewa (kamar injin microwave, nesa-infrared bushewa). Bugu da ƙari, akwai kayan bushewa waɗanda ke haɗa hanyoyin canja wurin zafi da yawa, kamar na'urar bushewa.
Galibin na'urorin bushewa ba su da na'urar bushewa, musamman saboda kowane na'urar bushewa tana aiwatar da abubuwa daban-daban, kuma yawancin yanayin bushewa suna canzawa dangane da kayan, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin tsari da kayan bushewar. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don bayyana takamaiman sigogi na kayan da za a bushe, kamar yanayin kayan, nau'ikan abun ciki na danshi, kayan sarrafawa, halayen kayan aiki yayin tsarin bushewa, kasancewar lalata, flammability da fashewa, samar da wutar lantarki, takamaiman buƙatun samfur, da yanayin zafin jiki na kayan, don tantance sigogi daban-daban na na'urar bushewa. Don haka, yawancin busassun ba za a iya samar da su ba{3}}; sabili da haka, tsarin ƙirar dole ne ya kula da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki da daidaitawa ga yanayin aiki.
Hanyar zaɓin kayan da ake amfani da su wajen bushewar kayan aiki sananne ne{0}}. Kayan kayan aikin bushewa wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin farashin kayan bushewa, kuma zaɓin kayan da ya dace shine hanya mai mahimmanci don sarrafa farashin kayan aiki. Gabaɗaya, ya kamata a yi la’akari da waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa yayin zabar kayan aikin bushewa: Cika buƙatun kayan da ake sarrafa su. Babban aikin bushewa kayan aiki shine bushe kayan da aka bayar. Saboda masu bushewa suna ɗaukar abubuwa iri-iri, waɗanda ke rufe filayen da yawa kamar hatsi, abinci, magunguna, sinadarai, kayan daji, takarda, da ƙarfe, adadin samfuran ba su da ƙima. Abubuwan buƙatun kayan da ake bushewa sun bambanta sosai. Misali, masu sarrafa sinadarai, magunguna, kayan lantarki, da kayan yumbu na lantarki ba dole ba ne a haɗa su da ions baƙin ƙarfe yayin aikin bushewa; sabili da haka, ya kamata a guji kayan ƙarfe na carbon a zaɓin kayan aiki. Bugu da ƙari, idan damshin da ke cikin kayan ya ƙunshi acid, alkalis, salts, ko Organic solvents, zai iya lalata kayan ƙarfe daban-daban. Wannan lalata yana ƙaruwa, musamman lokacin dumama. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a zaɓi kayan da suka dace bisa ga halayen danshi a cikin kayan.
Game da zaɓin kayan aiki bisa nau'in bushewa, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, akwai nau'ikan bushewa iri-iri, kowannensu yana da ka'idar aiki daban-daban. Saboda haka, wannan ya kamata a yi la'akari sosai lokacin zabar kayan. Misali, lokacin bushewar magnesium oxide a cikin na'urar busar da iska, babban saurin abu a cikin bututun iska da taurin magnesium oxide yana haifar da lalacewa mai tsanani a kan tanƙwarar bututun bushewa. Don haka, yakamata a tsara tsarin sawa ko sawa{4}} don wannan yanki. Bugu da ƙari kuma, bakin karfe yana da ƙananan ƙarancin zafin jiki fiye da carbon karfe. Sabili da haka, a cikin kayan bushewa inda gudanarwa ita ce hanyar canja wurin zafi na farko, idan an zaɓi bakin karfe a matsayin babban abu, ya kamata a ƙididdige yankin musayar zafi dangane da yanayin zafi na bakin karfe. Misalai na injiniya sun nuna cewa lokacin zabar masu musayar zafin tururi, bakin karfe yana buƙatar ƙarin fili fiye da 30% fiye da carbon karfe.
Zaɓin kayan aiki don tsarin bushewa ya bambanta dangane da kayan aiki da yanayin bushewa. Na taɓa tsara babban na'urar bushewa mai zafi{1} wanda ke bushewar gishiri mara ƙarfi a lokaci guda kuma yana fara amsawar polymerization. Matsakaicin busasshen iskar da ake buƙata ya haura digiri 800, yana buƙatar yin amfani da bakin karfe mai jure zafi mai tsada{4}}. Koyaya, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa ba duk ɗakunan bushewa ne ke cikin babban yankin zafi ba, ƙididdiga sun nuna cewa ana amfani da kayan daɗaɗɗen zafin jiki kawai a cikin babban yankin zafi. Sama da shekara guda kenan yana gudana kamar yadda aka saba.
Zaɓin kayan aiki dangane da yanayin shigarwa na kayan aiki: A lokuta da yawa, koda kuwa an cika ka'idodin da ke sama, dole ne a yi la'akari da bukatun yanayin shigarwa na kayan aiki akan kayan. Idan an shigar da kayan aiki a cikin masana'antar sinadarai, lalatawar yanayi zuwa kayan aiki, tsarin sarrafawa, da tsarin lantarki dole ne a yi la'akari da su a hankali don haɓaka ingantaccen ƙirar ƙira.
Hanyoyin kariyar lalata don kayan bushewa: Yawancin kayan aikin bushewa sun ƙunshi sassa na walda, faranti, da silinda. Maganin kariya na lalata ya zama dole don bushewa na aikace-aikace daban-daban. A ƙasa akwai wasu ƙwarewa a cikin kariya ta lalata kayan abu da hanyoyin masana'anta.
Phosphating -Tsarin wucewa: A cikin kera na'urorin busar da ruwa mai girgiza, kashi 70% na sassan ana yin su ne da karfen carbon. Tsawon lokaci mai tsawo tsakanin tafiyar matakai yana haifar da babban adadin tsatsa yana tasowa a saman, yana buƙatar gagarumin aikin hannu don cire tsatsa kafin zanen. Phosphating -wucewa, ta hanyar maganin electrochemical, yana magance tsatsa{5}rufe kayan aikin ƙarfe a cikin mataki ɗaya, yana bayyana launi na ƙarfe na asali yayin da yake samar da fim mai ɗorewa-tsatsa. Wannan fim zai iya jure wa iskar danshi sama da kwanaki goma ba tare da tsatsa ba. Ayyukansa mai sauƙi ne, yana inganta yanayin aiki, yana rage ƙarfin aiki, kuma yana ceton ma'aikata da albarkatun. Maganin phosphating{10}maganin wucewa yana ƙunshe da emulsifiers, molybdates, phosphates mai narkewa, da acid iri-iri. Wannan hanyar ba kawai ta shafi nau'ikan injin da aka ambata ba amma ana iya amfani da ita don kariya ta lalata wasu sifofi masu kama da juna.
Aikace-aikacen murfin foda na electrostatic a cikin kera kayan aikin bushewa: fenti na gargajiya sune ruwa mai ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na esters, ketones, da hydrocarbons, suna haifar da matsaloli masu yawa a samarwa, ajiya, sufuri, da gini. Suna da ƙonewa, fashewar abubuwa, kuma marasa lafiya. Saboda dafin da suke da shi, suna jujjuyawa zuwa sararin samaniya, suna lalata muhalli sosai. Sabili da haka, masana'antun gida da na duniya sun sadaukar da su don haɓaka sababbin nau'ikan sutura waɗanda ke amfani da ƙasa ko babu bayani. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan sabon nau'in sutura shine murfin foda.
Babban murfin na'urar busar da ruwa mai jijjiga ana yin ta ne da bakin karfe mai sanyi{0}} wanda ke haifar da tsada. Dalilin yin amfani da bakin karfe maimakon carbon carbon na yau da kullun shine kayan aikin zasu shiga cikin hulɗa da abubuwa masu lalata da iskar gas yayin aiki, kuma bakin karfe yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata; Don haka, ana amfani da bakin karfe mai sanyi{2}.
Electrostatic spraying na polyester guduro foda coatings uwa talakawa carbon karfe cimma lalata juriya kwatankwacin bakin karfe. Domin irin wannan nau'i na foda shafi ne m, m, kuma yana da kyau kayan ado Properties, kazalika da kyau kwarai waje juriya da zafi juriya, tare da kyau kwarai lalata juriya, chalking juriya, mai sheki, da launi yi, electrostatic foda spraying ne daidai dace da lalata kariya na bushewa bawo.
Tattaunawa akan Welding na Austenitic Nickel -Chromium Bakin Karfe Yawancin kayan aikin bushewa suna waldadden tsarin karfe, tare da yawancin zanen gadon 1Cr18Ni9Ti (18{10}}8 nau'in). Matsalolin lalata da karaya galibi suna faruwa yayin aikin walda. Wannan yana da matukar tasiri ga rayuwar samfur da aiki. Bambanci tsakanin austenitic bakin karfe da talakawa carbon karfe ya ta'allaka ne a cikin matalauta thermal watsin, babban coefficient na thermal fadada lokacin dumama, da kuma high lantarki juriya. Saboda waɗannan halaye, ana buƙatar matakan walda na musamman don ƙarfe austenitic. Lalacewar intergranular yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. Duk da yake wannan karfe da kansa yana da babban juriya na lalata, tsarin walda yana rage wannan juriya. Siffofin lalata a lokacin walda na austenitic karfe sun haɗa da: gabaɗaya, na gida, da lalata intergranular. Wata masana'anta ta cikin gida ta shigo da kayan bushewa daga waje. Hanyoyin walda mara kyau sun lalata microstructure na firam ɗin bakin karfe na matatar jakar, yana haifar da lalatawar intergranular. A lokacin aikin bushewa, kayan sun ƙunshi abubuwan acidic, wanda ke haifar da saurin karyewar firam ɗin ƙarfe.
Ƙarshe Kamar yadda fasahar bushewa ta ci gaba zuwa halin da take ciki, a matsayin fasahar injiniya, nasararsa ba kawai a kan matakin ka'idar bushewa ba amma har ma da tsarin kayan aiki, zaɓin kayan aiki, da hanyoyin masana'antu. Yin la'akari da abubuwa daban-daban, haɓaka tsarin masana'antu mai ma'ana yana da mahimmancin tattalin arziki.